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The correct ranking indicates that the acceleration experienced by a hydrogen atom due to gravitational force from the Sun is stronger compared to an asteroid. This conclusion is rooted in the principles of gravitational force and mass.
According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, the force that one object exerts on another is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. However, for an object in close proximity to the Sun, such as a hydrogen atom, its small mass means it is influenced significantly by the Sun's gravitational field because this force does not require a large mass to create a noticeable effect at short distances.
In contrast, while an asteroid may have a larger mass, it is typically much further away from the Sun compared to a hydrogen atom. As a result, the gravitational force it experiences may be weaker due to this increased distance, despite its larger mass. The acceleration (which is the gravitational force divided by mass) thus results in a greater effect on lighter objects like hydrogen atoms when they are near the Sun.
This leads us to conclude that the gravitational influence from the Sun is stronger on the hydrogen atom compared to the asteroid, allowing for the ranking of acceleration due to gravitational force to be established from strongest