What determines the air resistance experienced by a falling object?

The air resistance experienced by a falling object primarily depends on its shape and the area of the object relative to its mass, which influences how it interacts with the air as it falls. This concept can be understood through the physics of drag force, which is the resistive force that opposes the motion of an object through a fluid (in this case, air).

The drag force can be mathematically expressed in terms of the object's cross-sectional area, its speed, and other fluid properties. A larger cross-sectional area typically results in greater air resistance because more air molecules are being displaced as the object moves downward. Additionally, the object's weight and shape also play a crucial role. For instance, a lightweight object with a large surface area (like a feather) will experience significant air resistance relative to its weight and fall slowly, whereas a heavier object with a smaller surface area (like a rock) will cut through the air more effectively and experience less significant resistance in comparison to its weight.

Other factors mentioned in the choices, such as the height from which it is dropped or the temperature of the air, can have some influence on the speed at which an object falls, but they do not fundamentally determine the air resistance experienced by the object. The shape of an