How are science and technology distinct from each other?

Science and technology have distinct roles within the broader scope of human understanding and problem-solving. Science is fundamentally about the pursuit of knowledge; it involves formulating hypotheses, conducting experiments, observing results, and developing theories to explain natural phenomena. Through this process, science seeks to uncover the underlying principles governing the universe.

On the other hand, technology is the practical application of scientific knowledge to create tools, systems, and processes that solve specific problems or fulfill human needs. It involves the design, creation, and management of devices and methods that are informed by scientific understanding but focused on practical implementation.

The correct choice emphasizes that science provides the foundational knowledge through investigation and research, while technology utilizes that knowledge to develop innovations that can be applied in real-world scenarios. This relationship demonstrates how advancements in scientific research can lead to technological breakthroughs, and how challenges in technology can prompt further scientific inquiry.